LA PENSEE UNIQUE ECONOMIQUE : QUELQUES EXEMPLES DECOUSUS

Par Sylvain Ethiré
mercredi 23 février 2005
popularité : 1%

LA PENSEE UNIQUE ECONOMIQUE : QUELQUES EXEMPLES DECOUSUS

Par Sylvain Ethiré

Voilà quelques 20 ans que l’économique est sorti de la sphère spécialisée que des spécialistes, universitaires ou praticiens, préservaient jusque là du commun.

Il n’est désormais plus un quotidien qui n’ait sa page économique, voire plusieurs, quand ce ne sont pas des suppléments (Le Monde s’est doté d’un supplément titré, sans pudeur excessive, Argent). Les médias audiovisuels lui consacrent une part croissante. Les politiques s’efforcent d’étaler le plus largement une « culture » économique qui n’échappe pas aux règles générales de l’étalage culturel. Au bout du compte, des idées reçues émergent, qu’il ne fait pas toujours bon remettre en cause, à peine, pour le moins, de n’être ni entendu ni écouté, et pour le pire d’être taxé de zozo ou, horreur suprême, de ringard.

Visitons donc quelques idées reçues économiques, dont on dit parfois qu’elles constituent une « pensée unique ».

Contraintes économiques : l’arme absolue pour ne pas prendre de décisions. Exemple : les contraintes économiques nous obligent à différer le réajustement des bas salaires qui, comme nous l’avons dit à juste titre, constitue le fer de lance de notre politique de justice sociale. On peut ajouter (facultatif) : naturellement, dès que les mesures de sauvegarde (comprendre : restrictions) que nous mettons immédiatement en place auront porté leurs fruits, nous procéderons de façon progressive à un rattrapage ciblé (conseil : ne jamais, par prudence élémentaire, préciser la cible).

Plus sérieusement, il existe des contraintes économiques. Il existe aussi des moyens de les contourner ou, au moins, d’en changer les termes.

Inflation : les définitions existent évidemment (conseil : éviter toujours de donner des définitions : d’abord, ça évite de se tromper et ensuite, ça permet de laisser l’auditoire ou le contradicteur dans le flou). Ne suivons pas ce conseil et lançons-nous : on admet généralement que l’inflation est une hausse continue du niveau général des prix, causée notamment par un excédent de la demande solvable sur l’offre.

L’idée reçue, aujourd’hui, c’est que l’inflation est une mauvaise herbe, un dangereux poison. L’inflation mine la monnaie (or, il faut une monnaie forte). De plus, elle ronge l’épargne, renchérit les importations et par conséquent appauvrit tout le monde et surtout les plus pauvres. Voilà le dogme.

On ne doit donc pas dire que l’inflation rend les exportations compétitives, dope, à condition d’être intelligemment contrôlée, le pouvoir d’achat des salariés, peut avoir des conséquences positives sur une meilleure répartition, en faveur de travail, des revenus entre capital et travail et constitue un outil d’une politique monétaire nationale. Mais, à part pour les Etats-Unis et leur sorcier Greenspan, il fait mauvais genre de prôner, à l’heure de la mondialisation, une politique monétaire nationale.

Nouvelle économie : désigne les activités générées par les nouvelles technologies, et notamment les NTIC. Il faut croire en la nouvelle économie. Exemple : "la France entrer de plein pied dans la nouvelle économie, passant ainsi d’une économie de la marchandise à une économie de la connaissance". Redescendons sur terre : il n’y a évidemment pas de règles économiques spécifiques à la nouvelle économie, si ce n’est quelques pratiques pas vraiment nouvelles mais systématisées, par exemple le passage de la notion de client à celle d’abonné (renforcement de la sujétion) ou la valorisation de l’entreprise en fonction de l’abonné, astucieux modèle financier qui a engendré la décapilotade boursière des entreprises de nouvelle économie. Bref, nouvelle économie, mon œil.


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